1 前言
1.1 选题依据
1.1.1 满足新时代全民国防教育工作的需要
1.1.2 是开展素质教育的内在需要
1.1.3 丰富国防素养途径和方法的需要
1.2 研究目的
1.3 研究意义
1.3.1 理论意义
1.3.2 实践意义
2 文献综述
2.1 相关概念的界定
2.1.1 国防教育
2.1.2 国防体育
2.1.3 枪操
2.1.4 国防素养
2.2 国内外研究现状
2.2.1 国内研究现状
2.2.2 国外研究现状
2.3 综述小结
3 研究对象与方法
3.1 研究对象
3.2 研究方法
3.2.1 文献资料法
3.2.2 专家访谈法
3.2.3 问卷调查法
3.2.4 实验法
3.2.5 数理统计法
4 枪操教学方案设计与组织实施
4.1 前期调查结果与分析
4.1.1 实验所在学校国防教育实施现状调查及结果分析
4.1.2 实验学校学生国防素养调查及结果分析
4.1.3 实验学校学生对体育课堂引入枪操项目的兴趣程度调查
4.1.4 实验学校前期问卷调查总体分析
4.2 枪操教学方案整体设计
4.2.1 枪操教学方案设计的指导思想
4.2.2 枪操教学方案设计的理论依据
4.2.3 枪操教学方案设计的原则
4.2.4 枪操教学方案设计
4.3 枪操教学方案的实施和应用
4.3.1 教学方案周期计划
4.3.2 教学方案实施要点
5 枪操教学实验结果与分析
5.1 实验前、后学生体质健康水平对比分析
5.2 枪操教学实验对学生国防技能影响效果分析
5.3 枪操教学实验前、后学生对国防知识影响效果分析
5.4 枪操教学实验前、后学生对国防观念影响效果分析
5.5 枪操教学实验前、后学生对国防情感影响效果分析
5.6 枪操教学实验学生反馈结果分析
6 结论与建议
6.1 结论
6.2 建议
7 致谢
8 参考文献
9 附录
附录 A 专家访谈提纲
附录 B 专家意见征询表（第一轮）
附录 C 专家意见征询表（第二轮）
附录 D 专家意见征询表（第三轮）
附录 E 前期调查问卷
附录 F 学生国防知识调查问卷
附录 G 学生国防观念调查问卷
附录 H 学生国防情感调查问卷
附录 I 学生反馈问卷
附录 J 专家问卷效度检查表
附录 K 实验期间图片
个人简历 在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果

研究背景：国防教育是建设和巩固国防，增强民族凝聚力、提高全民素质的重要途径和有效手段。而学校国防教育是全民国防教育的基础，青少年学生是担当民族复兴大任的时代新人。国防素养和国防意识是青少年健康成长、报效国家和服务社会的基本素质，事关民族凝聚力、国家竞争力和全社会安危。加强青少年学生国防教育，始终是党中央、国务院和中央军委高度重视的一个战略问题。但在当前国内稳定和谐的社会环境中，一些问题逐渐显现，中学生国防知识薄弱、国防观念日渐淡化。因此，提升高中生国防素养，对国防后备力量的培养以及综合育人方面均具有重要的现实意义。
研究方法：本研究立足于高中生国防素养的提升发展，以枪操为载体，以国防教育理论、军事体育理论、运动生理学、运动训练学、音乐学等学科理论为依据，通过文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、实验法等研究方法，将枪操应用于高中体育课中，对番禺中学高一年级40名学生进行了16周的实验研究，来检验枪操对高中生国防素养的提升效果。
研究结果：
1.实验结果证明，枪操教学实验后，参与学生在国防技能、国防知识、国防观念、国防情感四个指标均有非常显著提升（p<0.01）国防身体素质指标中力量素质具有显著性差异（p<0.05），速度素质和耐力素质无显著性差异（p＞0.05）。
2.通过学生反馈，80%的参与学生认为本次教学实验内容丰富有趣；82.5%的学生认为本次教学组织具有合理性；75%参与者的同学认为枪操整体技术动作选择适中。
3.通过学生反馈，82.5%的参与者认为本次教学实验对他们对枪操的学习兴趣提升很大；77.5%的学生表示今后愿意继续参与枪操学习。
研究结论：
（1）将枪操融入高中生的体育课程中，在促进国防知识的理解、国防观念的深化，国防情感的提升均取得了积极的效果。使学生在亲身体验中感悟国防的重要性，从而在认知和情感层面得到提升，达到对学生国防技能、国防知识、国防观念、国防情感的显著提升。但由于本次实验时间有限，注重技能学习，对于学生体能训练安排不充分，身体素质指标中速度素质和耐力素质提升效果不明显。
（2）本次教学实践所构建的枪操内容与教学方式，在高中体育课中实施具有可行性。这些内容和方法的应用，为学校国防教育注入新活力，使国防教育进一步贴近学生生活，为学生提供军事体验感。有利于促进高中体育课程改革和国防教育的持续深化。
（3）通过反馈结果，学生对枪操的学习兴趣提升效果明显，学生在体验军事训练的严谨性和挑战性的同时还激发了他们对知识的探索，对增强学生的参与感、团队协作能力具有促进作用。有效的提高教学的趣味性，因此枪操提高学习兴趣有一定的现实作用，值得普及与推广。

Research background: National defense education is an important way and effective means to build and consolidate national defense, enhance national cohesion and improve the quality of all people. While school national defense education is the foundation of national defense education for all people, young students are the newcomers of the times who take on the great responsibility of national rejuvenation. national defense literacy and national defense awareness are the basic qualities for young people to grow up healthily, serve the country and serve the society, which is related to national cohesion, national competitiveness and the safety of the whole society . Strengthening national defense education for young students has always been a strategic issue to which the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission have attached great importance. However, in the current stable and harmonious social environment in the country, some problems have gradually emerged, and the national defense knowledge of high school students is weak and the concept of national defense is becoming more and more diluted. Therefore, improving high school students' national defense literacy is of great practical significance to the cultivation of the national defense reserve force as well as comprehensive parenting.
Research Methods: This study is based on the development of high school students' national defense literacy, using gun drill as a carrier, taking national defense education, military sports, exercise physiology, exercise training, musicology and other disciplines as the theoretical basis, and applying gun drill to high school physical education classes through the literature, interview, questionnaire survey and experimental methods, 40 students in the first year of Panyu Middle School conducted a 16-week experimental study to examine the effect of gun drill on the improvement of high school students' national defense literacy.
Research results:
1. The experimental results proved that after the gun drill teaching experiment, the participating students had a significant improvement in the four indicators of national defense skills, national defense knowledge, national defense concepts and national defense emotions (p<0.01). national defense physical quality indicators in the strength quality, has a significant difference (p<0.05), speed quality and endurance quality is not significant difference (p>0.05)
2. Through student feedback, 80% of the participating students think that the teaching experiment is rich and interesting; 82.5% of the students think that the teaching organization is reasonable; 75% of the participants think that the overall technical movements of the gun drill are moderately selected.
3. Through student feedback, 82.5% of the participants believed that this teaching experiment has greatly enhanced their interest in learning gun drill; 77.5% of the students expressed their willingness to continue to participate in gun drill in the future.
Research Conclusions:
1. The integration of gun drill into the physical education curriculum of high school students has achieved positive results in promoting the understanding of national defense knowledge, the deepening of national defense concepts, and the enhancement of national defense emotions. It makes students feel the importance of national defense in personal experience, so as to improve the cognitive and emotional level, and achieve a significant improvement in students' national defense skills, national defense knowledge, national defense concepts, and national defense emotions. However, due to the limited time of this experiment, focusing on skill learning, the physical training arrangements for students are not sufficient, the physical quality indicators in the speed quality and endurance quality enhancement effect is not obvious.
2. The contents and teaching methods of gun drill constructed by this teaching practice are feasible to be implemented in high school physical education classes. The application of these contents and methods injects new vitality into school national defense education, makes national defense education further close to students' lives, and provides students with a sense of military experience. It is conducive to promoting the reform of high school physical education curriculum and the continuous deepening of national defense education.
3. Through the feedback results, the effect of students' interest in learning gun drill is obvious, and students experience the rigor and challenge of military training while also stimulating their exploration of knowledge, which contributes to the enhancement of students' sense of participation and teamwork ability. Effectively improve the fun of teaching, so the gun drill to improve learning interest has a certain realistic role, it is worth popularizing and promoting.